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Memory and buffers

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Well, wegot to the thread with which the ball began to unravel.

Everything that was above concerned the packet headers – they were separated and subjected to algorithmic executions in the pipeline.
And where did their bodies cool off all this time?

Network chipsets have built-in memory ( OCB – On Chip Buffer ) just for storing bodies. Due to physical limitations, its size is very small (up to 100MB), but for most tasks it is a reasonable compromise.
Thus, at the entrance to the chip, the parser separates the headers from the bodies, the first is sent for analysis to the Match-Action block, the second is added to the buffer.
At the exit, new headers are sewn to the bodies retrieved back and sent to the exit.

Having been repeatedly accused in reviewing this article, I feel the need to repeat this once again: inside the switching chip, the headers are separated from the body of the packet. While the original headers are analyzed, they help to make a lookup, they are destroyed, new ones are formed, the body is in one place in physical memory, without moving. Even at the moment when the Traffic Manager queues packets according to their priorities, dispatches them and Congestion Avoidance, it actually works with internal time headers without moving packets through memory.

Controls access to physical memory MMU – Memory Management Unit . It’s pretty similar to MMU in the computer (in fact is it ). The program accesses the pointer to retrieve data from memory, the MMU translates this to the real address of the cell and returns the data.
The MMU deals with buffering, fetching, or discarding packets. It also controls the division of memory into areas (dedicated, shared, headroom, voq) and their loading.
The TM – Traffic Manager block is responsible for the higher-level management of queues and overloads .
There are two approaches to placing bodies in buffers: Store-and-Forward and Cut-Through .

Memory and buffers:
Store-and-Forward vs Cut-ThroughOverload: causes and placesCauses of overloadsOverload locationsBuffer architectureCrossbarShared BufferOutput queueingInput queuingCombined Input and Output QueueingVirtual Output QueueingCombined Input and Output Queueing w / Virtual Output QueueingShallow vs Deep BuffersHybrid bufferingAre large buffers good or bad

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From Prompt Engineering to Agent Orchestration: What Companies Need in the Agentic AI Era

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The Rise of Agentic AI

Not long ago, getting results from AI was about crafting clever prompts. Today, in the agentic AI era, the game has changed. Businesses are moving from interacting with single models to orchestrating networks of intelligent agents that specialize, collaborate, and execute multi-step workflows with minimal human oversight.

The Agentic AI Revolution

The shift is profound: from “telling AI what to do” to “working with AI teams that decide and act.” Unlike traditional AI tools that wait for instructions, agentic systems can:

Break down high-level goals into actionable steps
Adapt strategies based on feedback or changing conditions
Interact with other agents to divide and conquer tasks
Refine execution until the goal is achieved

Frameworks such as LangChain, AutoGen, and CrewAI have fueled this evolution, enabling orchestration of multiple specialized agents into cohesive, goal-oriented systems. Cloud providers like AWS (Bedrock Agents) and Google Cloud (Vertex AI Extensions) are embedding these capabilities into their platforms, signaling that multi-agent architecture is now enterprise-ready.

From Prompts to Orchestration

Prompt engineering still matters — it builds clarity in goals and constraints. But the new frontier is orchestration: designing, deploying, and managing agent networks that can share context, communicate, and integrate with external APIs, datasets, and enterprise systems.

Instead of chasing the “perfect prompt,” companies are learning to:

Assign specialized roles to different agents
Enable shared memory so agents build on each other’s work
Establish collaboration protocols to coordinate execution
Embed compliance and guardrails directly into workflows

This is not hype. The autonomous AI agent market is forecast to grow from $4.8 billion in 2023 to $28.5 billion by 2028.

The New Agentic AI Skill Stack

To compete in the agentic AI era, teams must master new capabilities.

Key components include:

Advanced prompt engineering – Crafting goal-oriented prompts for multi-agent systems
Multi-agent orchestration – Using frameworks like LangChain, AutoGen, and CrewAI to manage complex workflows
Secure and compliant deployment – Sandboxed environments, data governance, and compliance-first design
Observability and monitoring – Building reliability by tracking outputs, accuracy, and anomalies
Adaptive system design – Creating modular systems that evolve with advancing AI capabilities

The most successful companies will combine human oversight with autonomous execution, building clear workflows for escalation, exception handling, and governance.

The Road Ahead

The next wave of AI will be defined by domain-specific agent ecosystems in high-value industries such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, and logistics. Analysts expect steep adoption curves. Gartner predicts that by the end of the decade, autonomous agents will manage a significant share of business interactions and process automation.

This will normalize the presence of AI colleagues:

Project manager agents that track deliverables and flag risks
Research agents that surface insights and prepare reports
Strategic agents that propose solutions or negotiate priorities

AI is moving from assistant to embedded team member — one that may soon initiate collaborations and shape decisions. The question for leaders is no longer if this shift will affect them, but how quickly they will adapt.

Final Word

If your AI strategy is still focused only on prompt crafting, you are already behind. The future is orchestration, governance, and integration. The leap from prompt engineering to agent orchestration mirrors every major tech shift: as tools evolve, so must people and processes.

Teams that embrace observability, security, and adaptive design now will unlock AI’s potential at scale. Those who delay risk spending the next decade playing catch-up.

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How Accounting Firms Use Technology To Improve Financial Management

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You face challenges in managing finances, but technology in accounting brings solutions. Accounting firms now embrace new tools to support you better. These tools streamline your financial tasks, making them more efficient and less stressful. For example, your needs might include bookkeeping in Plymouth. You can now rely on software that simplifies and tracks every transaction. This use of technology ensures accuracy and saves time. You also benefit from real-time updates, giving you a clear picture of your financial health. When technology automates routine tasks, accountants devote more time to strategic advice. You gain insights into financial trends, helping you make informed decisions. As technology transforms financial management, you experience a smoother journey toward financial stability. Understanding how these tools benefit you is key. With technology guiding the way, your financial world becomes more manageable, and your future brighter.

Automation Cuts Down Errors

You see fewer errors in financial records as technology takes the reins. Automated systems handle repetitive tasks like data entry. This reduces the chance of human mistakes. By minimizing errors, you trust the financial reports you receive. Reliable data leads to better decision-making. Accounting software catches inconsistencies early, allowing for quick corrections. This proactive approach keeps your financial health intact.

Cloud Technology Enhances Accessibility

Cloud technology opens doors to convenience and accessibility. You access your financial data anywhere with an internet connection. This flexibility helps you stay informed even when you’re on the move. Security measures in cloud systems protect your sensitive information. You benefit from regular updates and backups, ensuring data safety. With these advancements, you manage finances without disruption.

For more insights into cloud technology’s impact, explore resources from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

Data Analytics Provide Insights

Data analytics brings a new level of understanding to your finances. You see patterns and trends that might go unnoticed otherwise. With these insights, you plan more effectively. Accounting firms use analytics to offer tailored advice based on your financial behavior. This personalized guidance helps you allocate resources wisely and achieve financial goals.

Comparison of Traditional vs. Tech-Driven Accounting

Aspect Traditional Accounting Tech-Driven Accounting
Data Entry Manual, Time-Consuming Automated, Quick
Error Rate Higher Lower
Access to Data Limited, In-Person Remote, Real-Time
Insights Basic Advanced, Data-Driven

Cybersecurity Ensures Safety

You worry about data security, but advanced cybersecurity measures ease these concerns. Accounting firms use encryption and secure servers to protect your information. Cybersecurity protocols reduce the risk of breaches. Regular audits and updates maintain system integrity. As a result, you trust that your financial data remains confidential and secure.

Integration with Other Tools

Technology enables seamless integration with other financial tools. You connect accounting software with payroll systems, tax software, and more. This synchronization improves efficiency and ensures consistency across platforms. It eliminates redundant tasks and enhances your overall experience. You handle various aspects of financial management through a unified interface.

Future Trends to Watch

Stay informed about future trends in accounting technology. Artificial intelligence and machine learning continue to enhance financial management. These tools predict outcomes and automate more complex tasks. Blockchain technology offers secure transaction recording. Adapting to these trends early provides you with a competitive edge.

For more on emerging trends, consider information from the U.S. Department of Education.

Conclusion

Technology reshapes the way you manage finances. Accounting firms use these advancements to provide better service. Automation, cloud technology, and data analytics work together to enhance accuracy and accessibility. Cybersecurity measures protect your information, while integration with other tools streamlines processes. Staying aware of future trends keeps you ahead. Embrace these changes to enjoy a more manageable and secure financial journey.

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Why Smart Organizations Choose Top-Tier Procurement Software Solutions

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The gap between entry level software and high end solutions is increasingly important in the competitive procurement technology market where businesses are seeking maximum value as well as delivering improved business outcomes. Although cheaper alternatives tend to be more appealing in the short-term, high-grade procurement software can prove to be worth extra expense due to improved performance, stability, and action plans. The top companies know procurement technology is a make or break corporate investment; stability, quality and functionality of vendors adds directly to competitive positioning and operating performance. Choosing high-quality procurement software links to a strategy of excellence commitment in the sense that it influences all parts of the procurement process, including long-run business change and efficiency of daily operations.

A quality procurement software can provide sophisticated functionality that goes far beyond the basic acts of purchase, providing businesses with state-of-the-art tools to lift their competitiveness and operational grounding to new levels. Predictive analytics to forecast demands, artificial intelligence-powered spend analysis, and machine learning involved in enhancing pricing and supplier selection are also present in the premium packages. With these sophisticated capabilities, businesses may use simpler systems with less analytical capability to make data-driven decisions that routinely beat rivals. Advanced reporting dashboards, customized workflows, and integration capabilities are just a few of the extensive feature sets of premium software that can adjust to complicated organizational requirements without requiring organizations to sacrifice their operations. Prominent procurement platforms include specific modules for contract lifecycle management, supplier risk assessment, and category management that successfully meet complex corporate requirements.

  • Benefit from Superior Vendor Support and Service Excellence

High-end providers of procurement software are differentiated by excellent customer support services that ensure that procurement deployments are successful and continual excellence in operational efficiencies throughout the product life cycle. High-quality vendors ensure the maximum level of user interaction and system integration by implementing comprehensive training proposals, priority technical services, and account administration. The quality of vendor support often determines implementation success; high-quality vendors also provide experienced intermediaries, proven methods, and numerous go-to resources that limit risk and utilize time-to-value. Well-known vendors help companies to optimize their purchasing processes and achieve improved results through the provision of user groups, best practice exchange, and the possibility of continuous learning. The financial stability of premium suppliers and their market position ensures long-term product support, regular upgrades, and perpetual innovation, which in the long-run offers security to software investments.

  • Ensure Robust Security and Compliance Standards

Prominent procurement software companies make significant investments in compliance certifications and security infrastructure to safeguard confidential company information and guarantee compliance with legal requirements in various regions. Advanced encryption, multi-factor authentication, and extensive access restrictions are just a few of the enterprise-grade security features that premium systems provide to protect sensitive company data and financial information. The security systems of leading procurement platforms are at or above the industry benchmark and specific regulatory requirements of regulated industries like government contracting, healthcare, and finance. Constant monitoring ability, penetration testing, and routine security audits provide a day-to-day security against the evolving cyberthreats, which could mean trouble to the functioning of companies, or rather expose businesses to liability lawsuits. In order to guarantee company continuity even in the case of security incidents or system failures, premium providers keep specialized security teams, incident response skills, and disaster recovery protocols.

  • Leverage Proven Track Records and Market Leadership

Top-end procurement software may typically be provided by well-established vendors with a proven history of delivering their solution successfully across many other industries and organizations of all sizes. These experts in the industry have demonstrated their capacity to deliver the same results on hundreds of client implementations, which assures customers that their solution will perform reliably when used in new scenarios. The best suppliers would even anticipate the demands of the clients, the frequent issues and offer the tested formula, there is a little danger that the implementation would fail since they would have all the resources and the experience on the market. Leading vendors of procurement software are frequently distinguished by industry recognition, awards, and analyst rankings because it suggests specifications that are higher in quality and client satisfaction.

  • Achieve Seamless Integration with Enterprise Systems

The integration capabilities of top-tier procurement software are exceptional, offering a wide range of connectivity choices that guarantee smooth data transfer between procurement systems and other vital business applications. In order to simplify connection and shorten installation times, premium solutions include pre-built connectors for widely used supply chain management tools, financial management platforms, and enterprise resource planning systems. The sophisticated integration architecture of leading procurement platforms assures automated workflows, nested reporting, and real-time synchronization of data, which creates a single source of truth for the procurement data. Advanced application program interfaces and integration tools have been developed to allow special relationships with special business systems, so that rather than forcing an upgrade of systems, the procurement software will fit in the current technological environment.

  • Maximize Return on Investment Through Comprehensive Value

Through holistic value creation that includes cost reductions, efficiency gains, and long-term strategic advantages, premium procurement software produces higher returns on investment. Top-tier solutions’ powerful analytics and optimization tools find savings possibilities that less complex systems miss, frequently resulting in cost savings greater than the premium pricing difference. Procurement teams may concentrate on high-value strategic tasks thanks to productivity gains brought about by improved user interfaces, automated workflows, and streamlined procedures, which also save operating expenses. Premium p2p software dependability and performance reduce operational disruptions, support expenses, and system outages—all of which can be expensive with inferior substitutes. Better decision-making that enhances supplier performance, lowers risks, and optimizes resource allocation in ways that produce long-term competitive advantages is made possible by comprehensive reporting and analytics capabilities.

Conclusion

The use of top-notch procurement or P2P software has many benefits in all aspects of the procurement processes and the whole-hearted approach towards operational excellence. High-end services offer great value so that their cost of investment would pay off in terms of better performance, reduced risks, and sustained competitive advantages, whether it is the latest features and high-quality support or proven performance and innovation leadership. If a business focuses more on quality than on cost when it comes to making procurement P2P software selection, then it will find lasting success, but cost-centric companies often realize that the highest-quality system offers the best overall value. High-end investments in procurement software are essential to businesses that take the issue of procurement excellence and business success seriously, since it has been demonstrated time and time again that they generate a measurable payoff in the form of generating ever-higher levels of efficiency with improved results and strategic positions.

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